Why is exercise good for you? Scientists are finding answers in our cells
為什麼運動對你有好處?科學家正在我們的細胞中尋找答案
Sciences
When Bente Klarlund Pedersen wakes up in the morning, the first thing she does is pull on her trainers and go for a 5-kilometre run — and it’s not just about staying fit. “It’s when I think and solve problems without knowing it,” says Klarlund Pedersen, who specializes in internal medicine and infectious diseases at the University of Copenhagen. “It’s very important for my well-being.” Whether it’s running or lifting weights, it’s no secret that exercise is good for your health. Research has found that briskly walking for 450 minutes each week is associated with living around 4.5 years longer than doing no leisure-time exercise, and that engaging in regular physical activity can fortify the immune system and stave off chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. But, says Dafna Bar-Sagi, a cell biologist at New York University, the burning question is how does exercise deliver its health-boosting effects? “We know that it is good, but there is still a huge gap in understanding what it is doing to cells,” says Bar-Sagi, who walks on a treadmill for 30 minutes, five days a week In the past decade, researchers have started to build a picture of the vast maze of cellular and molecular processes that are triggered throughout the body during — and even after — a workout. Some of these processes dial down inflammation, whereas others ramp up cellular repair and maintenance. Exercise also prompts cells to release signalling molecules that carry a frenzy of messages between organs and tissues: from muscle cells to the immune and cardiovascular systems, or from the liver to the brain.
---from Nature
當Bente Klarlund Pedersen早上醒來時,她做的第一件事就是穿上運動鞋去跑步5公里—這不僅僅是為了保持健康。「這是我在不知不覺中思考和解決問題的時間,」哥本哈根大學內科和傳染病專家 Klarlund Pedersen 說。「這對我的健康非常重要。」 無論是跑步或是舉重,運動有益於健康已不是秘密。研究發現,每週快走450分鐘比閒暇時不運動可延長壽命約4.5年,並且定期進行體育活動可以增強免疫系統並預防慢性疾病,如癌症、心血管疾病疾病和第二型糖尿病。但是,紐約大學細胞生物學家 Dafna Bar-Sagi 表示,最迫切的問題是,運動如何產生促進健康的效果呢? 「我們知道它很好,但在了解它對細胞的作用方面仍然存在著很大的差距,」每週5 天、在跑步機上走30分鐘的Bar-Sagi說道。 在過去的十年中,研究人員已經開始描繪出一個細胞和分子圖像的巨大迷宮,它是在運動期間甚至運動後在身體中被觸發。 其中一些過程可以減輕發炎症狀,而另一些過程則可以促進細胞修復和維護。運動也促使細胞釋放信號分子,這些信號分子在器官和組織之間傳遞大量訊息:從肌肉細胞到免疫和心血管系統,或從肝臟到大腦。
---摘錄翻譯自Nature