- Cancer Incidence Rising among Adults under 50, New Report Says, Leaving Doctors Searching for Answers
- Anonymous Tips Work to Prevent School Shootings and Suicides, New Study Finds
- Look of the Week: The Reason Behind This Green Troll’s Shocking Emmys Ensemble
- Snake on a Plane! Live Reptile Discovered in Overhead Cabin on Bangkok Flight
- Could Giant Underwater Curtains Slow Ice-sheet Melting?
- The Consciousness Wars: can Scientists Ever Agree on How the Mind Works?
Cancer Incidence Rising among Adults under 50, New Report Says, Leaving Doctors Searching for Answers
新報告指出 50 歲以下成年人癌症發生率上升，醫生紛紛尋找答案
Health
The new report says that incidence rates increased from 2015 through 2019 by about 1% each year for breast, pancreas and uterine cancers and by up to 3% annually for prostate, liver in women, kidney and HPV-associated oral cancers and melanoma. Incidence rates also increased up to 2% annually for cervical cancers in ages 30 to 44 and colorectal cancers in adults younger than 55, according to the report. The report also highlights that racial disparities in cancer incidence and deaths continue, as people of color still face increased risks, and the report says this has “hampered” progress. “Progress is also hampered by wide persistent cancer disparities; compared to White people, mortality rates are two‐fold higher for prostate, stomach and uterine corpus cancers in Black people and for liver, stomach, and kidney cancers in Native American people,” according to the report. “Continued national progress will require increased investment in cancer prevention and access to equitable treatment, especially among American Indian and Alaska Native and Black individuals.”
--from CNN
新報告稱，從2015 年到2019 年，乳癌、胰臟癌和子宮癌的發生率每年增加約1%，前列腺癌、女性肝癌、腎癌、HPV 相關口腔癌和黑色素瘤的發生率每年增加高達3%。報告稱，30 至 44 歲年齡層的子宮頸癌和 55 歲以下成年人的大腸癌的發生率每年增加高達 2%。 該報告還強調，癌症發病率和死亡人數方面的種族差異仍然存在，因為有色人種仍然面臨更大的風險，報告稱這「阻礙」了進展。 「持續存在的癌症差異也阻礙了進展； 報告稱，與白人相比，黑人前列腺癌、胃癌和子宮體癌的死亡率高出兩倍，美洲原住民肝癌、胃癌和腎癌的死亡率高出兩倍。」｢「國家的持續進步將需要增加對癌症預防和獲得公平治療的投資，特別是美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民和黑人族群。」
-- 摘錄翻譯自 CNN
Anonymous Tips Work to Prevent School Shootings and Suicides, New Study Finds
新研究發現，匿名通報有助於防止校園槍擊和自殺
Health
Anonymous reporting systems used by schoolchildren to report concerning behavior among their peers has resulted in the prevention of numerous instances of suicide, school violence and planned attacks, according to a study published Wednesday. Researchers studied data from the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System, operated by the violence prevention group Sandy Hook Promise, which includes an around-the-clock crisis center staffed by trained counselors who review tips submitted by phone and online and notify appropriate responders. The study, published in the journal Pediatrics, was funded by the Chaiken Foundation and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and its lead authors were affiliated with the University of Michigan and Sandy Hook Promise. In a review of tips submitted from 2019 to 2023 in one southeastern state, the researchers found that the anonymous reporting system “enabled 1,039 confirmed mental health interventions; 109 ‘saves’ where clear evidence of imminent suicide crisis was present and averted; prevented 38 acts of school-violence including weapons recovered on school grounds; and averted 6 confirmed planned school attacks,” according to the report. Nearly 10% of tips received were related to firearms, which researchers noted “are the leading cause of death among children and adolescents,” an CNN has reported based on data from the CDC. The firearm-related tips received by the anonymous reporting system included potential school shootings, observing someone in possession of a weapon, bullying, and harassment or intimidation, according to the study.
--from CNN
根據週三發表的一項研究報告，學童使用匿名通報系統報告同齡人的行為，從而防止了許多自殺、校園暴力和有計劃的襲擊事件的發生。 研究人員研究了來自暴力預防組織Sandy Hook Promise 運營的Say Something Anonymous 通報系統的數據，該系統包括一個全天候危機中心，由訓練有素的顧問組成，他們會審查透過電話和線上提交的提示並通知適當的危機處理人員。 這項研究發表在《兒科》期刊上，由Chaiken基金會和美國疾病管制與預防中心資助，其主要作者隸屬於密西根大學和Sandy Hook Promise。 在對東南部一個州 2019 年至 2023 年提交的提示進行審查時，研究人員發現，匿名通報系統「啟用了 1,039 件經確認的心理健康干預措施； 109 項存在明顯證據顯示迫在眉睫的自殺危機並被避免的『挽救』； 阻止了 38 起校園暴力行為，包括在校園內收繳的武器； 並避免了 6 起已確認的有計劃的學校襲擊事件」，報告稱。 CNN根據疾病預防控制中心 (CDC) 的數據報導，收到的舉報中近 10% 與槍支有關，研究人員指出，槍支「是兒童和青少年死亡的主要原因」。 研究顯示，匿名通報系統收到的與槍支相關的提示包括潛在的校園槍擊事件、觀察持有武器的人員、霸凌以及騷擾或恐嚇。
--摘錄翻譯自CNN
Look of the Week: The Reason Behind This Green Troll’s Shocking Emmys Ensemble
本週造型：這個綠色巨魔令人震驚的艾美獎造型背後的原因
Culture
There are looks, there are looks, and then there’s whatever Princess Poppy was serving at the 2024 Emmy Awards. The “RuPaul’s Drag Race” alum showed up in support of the Emmy-winning competition show giving what can only be described as “glamorous troll.” Fabulous green gown? She had it. Movie-worthy makeup and prosthetics? She had it. A scary little purse with eyeballs on it? Oh, she had that too. Don’t let the bag, custom made by designer Li Shen Ooi, distract you from the rest of the ensemble. Poppy also sported fake lashes, lime green puffy mules and a hairline that would have sent Renaissance-era nobility to their knees. Princess Poppy credited the dress to costume designer Bryn Costume. “Mainly I wanted to be a troll-slash-hag. I wanted to be so shocking that you just have to turn and look at me — in the worst way possible,” she told Entertainment Weekly. So not just a look, but a made-you-look. Princess Poppy elaborated to The Los Angeles Times: “I wanted to take everything that is rude and ugly about the usual decorum of awards and do the complete opposite,” she said. “I wanted to be a troll, to literally and figuratively troll the Emmys.”
-- from CNN
有造型，有造型，還有Poppy公主在 2024 年艾美獎頒獎典禮上的表演。 這位《RuPaul’s變裝皇后秀》的演員現身支持這部榮獲艾美獎的競賽節目，展現出只能被形容為「迷人的巨魔」。亮麗的綠色禮服？ 她擁有了。 電影般的化妝和義肢？ 她擁有了。 一個可怕的小錢包，上面有眼球？ 哦！她也有這樣的經驗。 不要讓這款由設計師 Li Shen Ooi 訂製的包包和服裝分散您對整體造型的注意力。Poppy還戴著假睫毛，穿著檸檬綠的蓬鬆穆勒鞋，她的髮際線足以讓文藝復興時期的貴族們跪下。Poppy公主將這件衣服歸功於服裝設計師Bryn服裝。 「主要是我想成為一個巨魔/女巫。 我想讓你感到如此震驚，以至於你只能轉過身來看著我——以最糟糕的方式，」她告訴《Entertainment Weekly》。 因此，這不僅僅是一個外觀，而是一個讓你讓你目不轉睛的外觀。Poppy公主向《The Los Angeles Times》詳細說明： 她說：「我想摒棄通常頒獎禮儀中所有粗魯和醜陋的內容，並採取完全相反的做法。」 「我想成為一名巨魔，從字面上和比喻上來惡搞艾美獎。」
--摘錄翻譯自CNN
Snake on a Plane! Live Reptile Discovered in Overhead Cabin on Bangkok Flight
飛機上有蛇！ 曼谷班機頭頂置物艙發現活體爬蟲類
Culture
Chaos erupted on a domestic flight traveling from Thailand’s capital Bangkok to the southern province of Phuket after a live snake was discovered by passengers in an overhead bin. In a statement sent to CNN, AirAsia Thailand said it was aware of an incident onboard Flight FD3015 that departed Don Mueang International Airport in Bangkok on January 13. This is the second reported incident of a snake found onboard an AirAsia plane. In February 2022, a spotted python was found onboard one of its domestic flights in Malaysia traveling from the capital Kuala Lumpur to Sabah. The plane ended up being re-routed to Kuching International Airport in the state of Sarawak because of the incident. Videos and photos of the 2022 incident went viral on social media and showed the reptile slithering through the plane’s light fixtures. “This is a very rare incident which can occur on any aircraft from time to time,” the airline said in a statement at the time. Phol Poompuang, head of corporate safety of AirAsia Thailand, reiterated that the latest snake spotting was still “a very rare incident.” “Flight attendants were notified before landing in Phuket after a passenger noticed a small snake in the overhead luggage compartment,” he said in the statement. “AirAsia crew were well trained to handle an occurrence of this nature and relocated passengers from the area as a precautionary measure.”
--from CNN
在一架從泰國首都曼谷飛往南部普吉島的國內航班上，乘客在頭頂行李箱中發現了一條活蛇，隨後引發混亂。 泰國亞洲航空在發給 CNN 的聲明中表示，已獲悉 1 月 13 日從曼谷Don Mueang國際機場起飛的 FD3015 航班上發生的事件。 這是第二起在亞航飛機上發現蛇的事件。 2022 年 2 月，馬來西亞一架從首都吉隆坡飛往沙巴的國內航班上發現了一條斑點蟒蛇。 由於這起事件，這架飛機最終改道飛往砂拉越州Kuching國際機場。 2022 年這起事件的影片和照片在社群媒體上瘋傳，照片顯示這隻爬行動物在飛機的燈具中滑行。 該航空公司當時在一份聲明中表示：「這是非常罕見的事件，任何飛機上都可能時不時發生。」 泰國亞洲航空企業安全主管 Phol Poompuang 重申，最近發現的蛇仍然是「非常罕見的事件」。 他在聲明中說：「一名乘客注意到頭頂置物艙裡有一條小蛇，在降落普吉島之前，空服員收到了通知。」 「亞航機組人員接受過良好的培訓，可以處理此類事件，並將乘客從該地區移走，作為預防措施。」
--摘錄翻譯自CNN
Could Giant Underwater Curtains Slow Ice-sheet Melting?
巨大的水下布幕能否減緩冰蓋融化？
Sciences
With ice in polar regions disappearing at record rates, a group of researchers has proposed a drastic idea in the hope of slowing the melting: erecting giant underwater ‘curtains’ near glaciers to protect them from warm water. The idea has been met with scepticism and serious consideration alike, while scientists grapple with questions of whether pursuing such a radical proposal would help the world to address climate change. “We absolutely don’t know if [the idea] is going to work or not,” says John Moore, a glaciologist at the University of Lapland in Finland, and the main proponent of the idea. But he thinks that it is “vitally important” for scientists to explore it in case the polar ice sheets start to “go unstable early”, despite the best global efforts to cut greenhouse-gas emissions. Moore has been travelling the world to present the idea through talks and workshops, such as one at Stanford University, California, in December 2023. Experiments on the concept by collaborators at the University of Cambridge, UK, are expected to start next month.
--from Nature
隨著極地地區冰層以創紀錄的速度消失，一組研究人員提出了一個激進的想法，希望減緩融化速度：在冰川附近豎起巨大的水下「布幕」，以保護它們免受溫暖的水的影響。 這個想法遭到了懷疑和認真的思考，而科學家們則在努力解決這個激進的提議是否有助於世界應對氣候變遷的問題。 「我們絕對不知道[這個想法]是否會奏效，」芬蘭Lapland大學的冰川學家、同時也是該想法的主要支持者John Moore說。 但他認為，儘管全球為減少溫室氣體排放做出了最大努力，但科學家們對其進行探索「至關重要」，以防極地冰蓋開始「過早變得不穩定」。 Moore一直在世界各地透過演講和研討會（例如2023 年12 月在加州Stanford大學舉辦的演講和研討會），表達這個想法。英國Cambridge大學的合作者預計將於下個月開始對此想法的實驗。
--摘錄翻譯自Nature
The Consciousness Wars: can Scientists Ever Agree on How the Mind Works?
意識之戰：科學家能否就思維的運作方式達成共識？
Sciences
Neuroscientist Lucia Melloni didn’t expect to be reminded of her parents’ divorce when she attended a meeting about consciousness research in 2018. But, much like her parents, the assembled academics couldn’t agree on anything. The group of neuroscientists and philosophers had convened at the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle, Washington, to devise a way to empirically test competing theories of consciousness against each other: a process called adversarial collaboration. “Of course, each of them was proposing experiments for which they already knew the expected results,” says Melloni, who led the collaboration and is based at the Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics in Frankfurt, Germany. Melloni, falling back on her childhood role, became the go-between. The collaboration Melloni is leading is one of five launched by the Templeton World Charity Foundation, a philanthropic organization based in Nassau, the Bahamas. The charity funds research into topics such as spirituality, polarization and religion; in 2019, it committed US$20 million to the five projects. The aim of each collaboration is to move consciousness research forward by getting scientists to produce evidence that supports one theory and falsifies the predictions of another. Melloni’s group is testing two prominent ideas: integrated information theory (IIT), which claims that consciousness amounts to the degree of ‘integrated information’ generated by a system such as the human brain; and global neuronal workspace theory (GNWT), which claims that mental content, such as perceptions and thoughts, becomes conscious when the information is broadcast across the brain through a specialized network, or workspace. She and her co-leaders had to mediate between the main theorists, and seldom invited them into the same room.
-- from Nature
神經科學家Lucia Melloni 在2018 年參加一場有關意識研究的會議時，並沒有想到會想起她父母的離婚。但是，就像她的父母一樣，與會的學者們在所有事情上都無法達成共識。 這群神經科學家和哲學家聚集在華盛頓州西雅圖的Allen腦科學研究所，設計一種方法來實證檢驗相互競爭的意識理論：這個過程稱為對抗性合作。 「當然，他們每個人都提出了他們預期到結果的實驗，」領導這次合作、在德國法蘭克福Max Planck經驗美學研究所工作的Melloni說。Melloni又回到了童年的角色，成為了中間人。 Melloni領導的合作計畫是Templeton World Charity Foundation發起的5項合作計畫之一，該基金會是位於巴哈馬Nassau的慈善組織。 該慈善機構資助靈性、兩極分化和宗教等主題的研究； 2019年，它為這5項挹注了2000萬美元的經費。 每個合作計畫的目的都是透過提供科學家支持一種理論並證明另一種理論預測錯誤的證據來推動意識研究的發展。Melloni的團隊正在測試兩個重要的想法：整合資訊理論（IIT），它聲稱意識相當於人腦等系統產生的「整合資訊」的程度； 全局神經元工作空間理論（GNWT）聲稱，當資訊透過專門的網路或工作空間在大腦中傳播時，諸如感受和想法之類的心理內容就會變成意識。 她和她的共同領導人必須在主要理論家之間進行調解，而很少把他們放在同一個房間。
--摘錄翻譯自Nature